Abrasive tools are tools used for grinding, grinding and polishing. Most of the abrasives are artificial abrasives made of abrasives and binders, and also natural abrasives directly processed from natural minerals and rocks.

In addition to being widely used in machinery manufacturing and other metal processing industries, abrasive tools are also used in grain processing, paper industry and the processing of non-metallic materials such as ceramics, glass, stone, plastics, rubber and wood.

Abrasive structure can be divided into three categories: tight, medium and loose.

Each category can be further subdivided, etc., with the organization number to distinguish. The larger the abrasive structure number, the smaller the percentage of the volume of the abrasive in the abrasive, the wider the gap between the abrasive particles, indicating the looser the organization. Conversely, a smaller organization number indicates a tighter organization. The grinder with the looser structure is not easy to passivate when used, and the heat is less during the grinding process, which can reduce the heat deformation and burn of the workpiece. The abrasive particles of the tighter structure are not easy to fall off, which is conducive to maintaining the geometric shape of the abrasive tool. The organization of abrasive tools is only controlled according to the formula of abrasive tools at the time of manufacturing, and is generally not measured. Superhard abrasive consolidation abrasives are mainly composed of diamond, cubic boron nitride and other bonded abrasives.

Due to the high price of diamond and cubic boron nitride and good wear resistance, the consolidated abrasives made with them are different from ordinary abrasive consolidated abrasives, in addition to the superhard abrasive layer, there are transition layers and matrix. The superhard abrasive layer is the part that plays the cutting role and is composed of the superhard abrasive and the binder. The substrate acts as a support in grinding and is composed of materials such as metal, bakelite or ceramics. The transition layer is used to connect the matrix to the superhard abrasive layer and is composed of a binder, sometimes omitted. Commonly used bonding agents are resin, metal, electroplated metal and ceramics. The manufacturing process of consolidated abrasive tools includes: material distribution, mixing, molding, heat treatment, processing and inspection. Depending on the binder, the manufacturing process is not the same.

The ceramic binder abrasives mainly adopt the pressing method, the abrasives and the binders are weighed according to the weight ratio of the formula, mixed evenly in the mixer, put into the metal mold, and the abrasives are formed in the press. The blank is dried and then put into the kiln for roasting, and the firing temperature is generally about 1300℃. When the low melting point sintering bond is used, the sintering temperature is lower than 1000℃. Then machining accurately according to the specified size and shape, and finally check the product. Resin bonding abrades are generally formed on a press at room temperature, and hot pressing processes are also used to heat and press under heating conditions. After forming, it is hardened in a hardening furnace. When phenolic resin is used as binder, the hardening temperature is 180~200℃. Rubber bonding abrasives are mainly mixed by rolling machine, and rolled into thin sheets, and then blanked with a punching knife; Some also use loose material, put into the metal mold internal press molding. After forming, vulcanization in the vulcanization tank, the temperature is 165~180℃.

There are two manufacturing processes of metal bonding abrasives: powder metallurgy and electroplating, mainly used for superhard abrasive consolidation abrasives. The powder metallurgy method uses bronze as a binder, which is formed by hot pressing or pressure at room temperature after mixing, and then sintered. The electroplating method uses nickel or nickel-cobalt alloy as electroplating metal, and the abrasive is consolidated on the substrate by electroplating process to make abrasive tools. Special varieties of grinding with sintered corundum abrasives and fiber abrasives. Sintered corundum abrasive is made by mixing alumina powder and appropriate amount of chromium oxide, forming, sintering at about 1800℃. This kind of grinding tool has tight structure and high strength, and is mainly used for processing parts such as clocks and meters. Fiber abrasives are made of fiber silk containing or adhering to abrasive (such as nylon silk) as raw materials, and its elasticity is good, mainly used for polishing metal materials and their products.